قابل توجه نویسندگان محترم، مقالاتی که از تاریخ 1404/07/13 برای نشریه ارسال می شوند، شامل پرداخت هزینه بررسی نخواهند شد.
Volume 10, Issue 2 (Semi-Annual 2025)
CIAUJ 2025, 10(2): 47-82 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Nottagh S, Belali Oskoui A. (2025). Matching Persian Gardens’ Physical Systems with Islamic Teachings (Case Study: Non-Temperate Regional Gardens of Iran). CIAUJ. 10(2), 47-82. doi:10.61882/ciauj.10.2.474
URL: http://ciauj-tabriziau.ir/article-1-474-en.html
URL: http://ciauj-tabriziau.ir/article-1-474-en.html
1- Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran
2- Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran ,a.oskoyi@tabriziau.ac.ir
2- Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran ,
Abstract: (1631 Views)
With their fixed principles, Islamic teachings meet human needs at all times and places. Meanwhile, architects and designers utilize Islamic teachings to create everlasting works. As represented by the religious beliefs of people in Iran, gardens symbolize the promised paradise, with Islamic teachings influencing garden designs after the rise of Islam. This study investigates Quranic verses and utilizes credible interpretations, as well as religious hadiths to help extract gardens’ physical characteristics. A review of the systems of water, plantation, and building structure of Persian (also Iranian) gardens based on Islamic teachings indicates that influencing factors fall under two limiting and reinforcing factors, with the component of geography (the climate) falling under both limiting and reinforcing factors and sociology (the economy, security, and culture) falling under reinforcing factors. The features considered by the architect in designing gardens based on Islamic teaching descriptions would include forms, sizes, and proper layouts in gardens. In all these three systems, reinforcing factors tend to represent Islamic teachings in the physical principles of Persian gardens more compared to limiting factors, with the component of geography exerting greater influence than other factors.
Type of Study: Original Article |
Subject:
the comparative studies of Architecture and Urbanism in the realm of Cultural Iran
Received: 2023/05/22 | Accepted: 2023/08/15 | ePublished: 2025/12/30
Received: 2023/05/22 | Accepted: 2023/08/15 | ePublished: 2025/12/30
References
1. the Holy Quran. Translation of Hossein Ansarian (2019). Qom: Aeen Danesh [in Persian].
2. Abedi Jafari, H. M.S. Taslimi., and, A.H. Faqihi.M. Sheikhzadeh.(2011). Theme analysis and theme network: a simple and efficient way to explain patterns in qualitative data. Strategic Management Thought .5 (2): 151-198 [in Persian].
3. Alaei, Sina.(2016). Investigation and analysis of Safavi period architecture and garden design in El Goli garden Tabriz city. Art and architecture studies, 5(11): 177-188 [in Persian].
4. Ansarian, Hossein.(2013). Sahife Sajjadiyeh. Qom: Ayin Danesh Publication [in Persian].
5. Ansari. M., and H. Mahmoudinejad.(2006). The Persian garden is an allegory of paradise whit the combination and values of the Persian garden of the Safavi wra. Honar-Ha-Ye-Ziba, 29(29): 39-48 [in Persian].
6. Azizi, Abbas.(2002). Translated by Misbah al- Sharia and Miftah al- Haqiqah. Qom: Salah [in Persian].
7. Bani Massoud, Amir.(2004). History of Western architecture from ancient times to the Chicago school. Isfahan: soil distribution [in Persian].
8. Bani Massoud, Amir.(2011). Historical gardens of Tabriz. Tehran: cultural Research Office[in Persian].
9. Belali Oskui, A., and Z. Kyani.(2020). Re-represention of Persian garden structure in painting and garden carpets the Safavid period. urban planning and architecture of "Environment Identity, 1(4): 73-96 [in Persian].
10. Belali Oskui, A., and R. Mahmoudi.(2020). Interpretive analysis of the garden in the painting of Dargazin Matraqchis garden, Bagh-e Nazar, 17(84): 29-38 [in Persian].
11. Belali Oskui, A., F. Nazarzadeh Ansaroudi, and E. Nazarzadeh Ansaroudi.(2020). The concept of water from the Garden of Paradise f the Quran in the Persian garden. Researches in Islamic Architecture, 8(3): 19-38 [in Persian].
12. Bemanian. M. R, and A. Tagvai and M. Sharif Shahidi. (2007). Investigating environmental cultural foundations in the physical elements of Persian gardens before and after Islam. Environmental Science and Technology, 10(1): 103-112[in Persian].
13. Boroujerdi, Hossein.(2009). Sources of Shia jurisprudence. Tehran: Green culture [in Persian].
14. Daneshdoost, Yagoub. (1989).The text of the speech about the Persian garden. Faculty of Architecture, National University of Iran Athar [in Persian].
15. Daneshdoost, Yagoub.(1990). Tabas was a city where (Tabas gardens were). Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization [in Persian].
16. Emami, M. J., and M.R. Ashtiani.(2008). Translated by Nahj al-Balagha, Qom: Publication of Imam ALI bin Abi Talib(a.s.) [in Persian].
17. Etzadi, L., and M.J. Bina. (2015). Investigation of Hasht Behesht Pavilion in Isfahan in the position of Nazar Gah. Soffeh, 25(70): 35-64 [in Persian].
18. Fatemi, Mehdi.(2019). Behlgerd garden is the prototype and model of Birjand garden. Manzar, 11(47): 6-13 [in Persian].
19. Gharaati, Mohsen.(2006). Tafsir Noor. Tehran: Cultural center of lesson from the Quran[in Persian].
20. Ghaem, Giso.(2017). The influence of the architecture of the advanced gardens of Iran on the architecture of the later garden. Naqshejahan, 3(7): 63-77 [in Persian].
21. Ghasemi, H. M., and R. Mehrabani Golzar. (2018). The planting plan, the role-play of the garden landscape the evolution of the planting plan in Tabas Gulshan garden. Manzar, 10(43): 6-15 [in Persian].
22. Gudarzian, Shervin.(2012). Comparsion of the concept of observation in the garden of Iran and India.hanar va tammadon sharg, 2(3): 32-39 [in Persian].
23. Gudarzi Soroush, M. M., and M. Mokhtabad Amrai.(2010). The symbolism of the Iranian garden in the Islamic period. Hoviat shahr, 7(13): 55-63 [in Persian].
24. Habibian, Ahmad.(2005). Apicture of heaven and hell, Adapted from Bahar al- Anvar. Tehran: published by Amirkabir [in Persian].
25. Haghighat bin, M., and M. Ansari.(2014). Symbolism in the gardens of Iran in the Islamic period and its connection whit the religious beliefs of the builders. Naqshejahan, 4(1): 47-55 [in Persian].
26. Hamzenejad, M., P. Saadatjo, and M. Ansari. (2014). A comparative study of Persian gardening in the Sassanid and Islamic eras based on heavenly descriptions. Iranian Architectural Studies, 3(5): 57-79 [in Persian].
27. Harrani, Ibn Shuba.(2001). Tuhif aleuqu ean al alrasul ealayhim alsalam. Translated by Behrad Jafari. Tehran: Dar al- Kitab al- Islamiya [in Persian].
28. Heydar Netaj, Vahid.(2010). Persian Garden. Tehran: Publication of the Cultural Research Office [in Persian].
29. Heydar Netaj, V., and A. Mansouri. (2009). A critique of the hypothesis of Chaharbagh model in the formation of Persian garden. Bagh-e Nazar, 6(12): 17-30 [in Persian].
30. Heydar Netaj, V., and I. Rezazadeh.(2015). The coexistence of water and plants and the observation post following the archetype of the Persian garden Manzar, 7(33): 48-55 [in Persian].
31. Hulakui, G., and h. Dashti Shafii. (2012). Investigation the concept of structure and nature in an Iranian garden. Golestan symbol quarterly (22): 27-32 [in Persian].
32. Jeihani, H., and M. Rezaipour. (2017). Garden landscape, the evolution of the urban role and Communication. Tehran: Research Institute of Culture and Art, Art and Communication- Kashan: Kashan University [in Persian].
33. Kashani, Mullah Fathullah. (2009). Tafsir Kabir manhaj Alsadegin fi Alzam Almokhalefin, volume3, Corrected by Agigi Bakhshayeshi, Qom: Navid Eslam [in Persian].
34. Khansari, M.; M. Moqtadar, and M. Yavari. (2004). The Persian garden is a reflection of heaven. Tehran: Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization [in Persian].
35. Mahdavinajad, J, I. Zarghami., and S.A. Sadat. (2015). The relationship between man and nature in the Iranin garden from the perspective of Islamic architecture. Naqshejahan, 1(5): 27-42 [in Persian].
36. Mahmoudinejad, H, and A. Sadeghi. (2009). Persian gardden from the perspective of Quranic paradise. Tehran: Hile: Tahan [in Persian].
37. Majlesi, Mohammad Bagher.(2009). Tawheed Mofazel Philosophy, creation and creation in the statement of imam Jafar Sadiq(AS). Qom: The rest is Allah [in Persian].
38. Majlesi, Mohammad Bagher. (2013). Bihar al- Anwar. Tehran: publishing book [in Persian].
39. Makarem Shirazi, Nasser, and colleagues. (2008). Tafsir Nemooneh, Tehran: Darolketab [in Persian].
40. Mansouri, Maryam. (2019). A source of beautiful water in an Iranian garden. Manzar, 11(48): 32-73 [in Persian].
41. Masoudi, Abbas.(2009). Rediscovering the Persian garden of Bag Shahzadeh. Tehran: publishing space [in Persian].
42. Megdadi, Z., and R. Mousavi Gilani.(2016). Spirituality and wisdom in chaharbag style architecture during Safavid era. Elahiyatehonar, 4(5): 5-28 [in Persian].
43. Movahd Abtahi, Mohammad Bager.(2012). Sahife Razaviyyah. Translated by Adnan Lajevardi. Mashhad: Omid Mehr [in Persian].
44. Naima, Gholamreza.(2006). Persian Garden. Tehran: Payam [in Persian].
45. Nasr, Taher.(2010). The manifestation of wisdom in the garden of Iran.Shiraz: rokhshid [in Persian].
46. Petruccioli, Attilio.(2012). Islamic gardens. Translated by Mehdi Raskhi. Tehran: the publication of Rozaneh [in Persian].
47. Pourjafar, Mo., S. Rostami. A. Pourjafar., and M. Rostami. (2013). Manifestation of Quranic concepts in the garden of Iran, emphasis and Surah Insan Acase study of Dulat Abad Garden, Yazd. Quran Interdisciplinary Studies Journal, 4(1): 7-22 [in Persian].
48. Pourjafar, M., S. Rostami, A. Pourjafar, and M. Rostami.(2017). Persian Garden This is a picture of the descriptive paradise of the Quran whit emphasis and verses of Surah Al- Wakeh Journal of Architectural Thought, 1(2): 1-14 [in Persian].
49. Rahimi, Hossein.(2007). In search of a sustainable Islamic city. Peyk Noor, 5(2): 90-98 [in Persian].
50. Rahmani, A., R. Waziri Nejad. H. Ahmadinia., and M. Rezaiyan.(2020). Cognitive methodology and application of the Delphi method, a narrative review. Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, 19(5): 515-538 [in Persian]. [DOI:10.29252/jrums.19.5.515]
51. Shahcheraghi, Azadeh. (2014). Restoring the uniaxial design of Chahar Bag Iran. Hoviat shahr Journa, 8(20): 17-30 [in Persian].
52. Shahcheraghi, Azadeh.(2016). Paradiagms of Paradise, Recignition & Re- Creation of The Persian Garden. Tehran: acadamic jihad [in Persian].
53. Sharqi, A., and M. Timouri. (2008). An exploration of the influence of the Quranic worship of Janat Tajri Man Tahtaha Anhar on garden. Environmental Science and Technology, 14(1): 127-140 [in Persian].
54. Shatari Vaiqan, Omid.(2020). Investigation the structure of Persian garden. Green Architecture, 1(19): 45-68 [in Persian].
55. Sirous, Shahriyar. (2014). Achaemenid campus the origin of the Persian garden. Manzar.6(29): 6-12 [in Persian].
56. Sultanzadeh, H., and A. Sultanzadeh. (2017). The importance of water and water elementa in the Persian garden. Manzar, 14(28): 6-19 [in Persian].
57. Tabarsi, Fazl ebn Hasan.(1995). Tafsir Majmaol Bayan, Translated by Ahmad Beheshti, Tehran: Farahani [in Persian].
58. Tabatabai, Allameh Mohammad Hossein. (1988). Tafsir Almizan, Translated by Nasser Makarem Shirazi, Qom: Bonyad Elmi ve Fekri Allameh Tabatabai [in Persian].
59. Tusi, Mohammad bin Hassan.(2009). Amali Sheikh Tusi, Translated by Sadegh Hassanzadeh. Qom: Andishe hadi [in Persian].
60. Vilber. Donahd Newton.(1969). Persian garden and its pavillions. Translated by Mahin dokht Saba. Tehran: Scientific and cultural publications [in Persian].
61. Zangheri, L., N. Rahmati., and B. Lorenzi.(2012). Persian Islamic gardend, Translated by Majid Rasakhi, Farhad Tehrani.Tehran: Cultural Research Office [in Persian].
62. Zarei, M. I., and Z. Sultan mardi.(2017). Water in a Persian garden, investigation of water architecture and water supply structure in Chehelston garden Isfhan. Iranian Islamic City, 8(30): 43-56 [in Persian].
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
